b'known to travel across every state in the union and also for having started the one dollar joy ride. Bill Brooks, a pilot in the group was known to have flown 980 passengers in one day. (Note: onedollar in 1925 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $14.35 in 2018). The Gates flying group was known to have flown around 1 million passengers.Barnstorming saw its decline when the federal govern-ment placed new restrictions on air space. These restric-tions put an end to stunts at low level. Specifications on the conditions and maintenance of the Curtiss JN-4D planes, coupled with the fact that the military stopped the sale of the Jenny (Curtiss JN-4D) gave a final blow to barnstorming. Curtiss JennyJN-4DAt the end of the WWI, thousands of the Jennys were sold to civilians. The Curtiss JN-4D is almost synonymousThe National Museum of The United States Air Force. Photo by Johnny Comstedtwith American aviation in the 1920s. The Curtiss Jenny wasThe Curtiss Jenny became Americas most famous the first mass-produced American aircraft, nicknamed theWorld War I training airplane. Generally used for primary Jenny first appeared in 1917. flighttraining,someJennieswereequippedwithIn 1917, the U.S. did not have aircraft capable of fightingmachine guns and bomb racks for advanced training. in the skies over France. Even though the plane itself neverThe JN series began by combining the best features saw combat, the vast majority of U.S. and Canadian pilotsoftheCurtissJandNmodels. A1915version, in World War I trained in Jennys. theJN-3,supportedPershingsPunitiveExpedition Large numbers of relatively inexpensive war surplusinto Mexico in 1916, but the aircraft proved unsuitable Jennys were available in the United States after 1918. Theforfieldoperations.CurtissimprovedtheJN-3and https://www.nps.gov/articles/aviation-pioneers.htm Jenny performed admirably as a trainer for the U.S. Airredesignated in the JN-4.Service during World War I, but its more significant role in aviation history was as a barnstorming and mail-carryingWith Americas entry into WWI on April 6, 1917, the airplane in the 1920s. Signal Corps ordered large quantities of JN-4s, and by the time production was terminated after the Armistice, Air Races Begin more than 6,000 had been delivered, the majority of In the mid-1920s and peaked during the Great Depressionthem JN-4Ds. of the 1930s many people were unemployed and destitute. After WWI, the Army sold hundreds of surplus JN-4s During this time the National Air Races became extremelyto civilians. The airplane soon became the mainstay popular. Cleveland hosted most of the yearly contests, withof the barnstormers of the 1920s, and many Jennies Los Angeles staging the others.continued flying into the 1930s.Thanks to extensive national media coverage, fans could learn about the contests from sources that included newspapers, newsreels, and the radio. The U.S. National Air Races began in the mid-1920s and peaked during the Great Depression of the 1930s. At a time when many people were unemployed and destitute, the National Air Races proved extremely popular. Cleveland hosted most of the yearly contests, with Los Angeles staging the others. Thanks to extensive national media coverage, fans could learn about the contests from sources that included newspapers, newsreels, and the radio.Speed was the main focus of these races where competitors flew against each other around a pylon-marked course.Like the early exhibition contests and barnstorming shows, the National Air Races saw their share of fatalities.During the 1930 National Air Races, two pilots died in crashes. In subsequent years, the death toll would climb, especially in such controversial aircraft as the Gee Bees.Wikipedia PhotosNevertheless, due to the fans desire for speed, the pilotsThe JN-4D on display at the National Museum of continued to push their limits and the limits of their aircraft. The United States Air Force was obtainedAfter World War II, when airplanes were no longer a from Robert Pfeil of Taylor, Texas, in 1956. novelty. Crowds were less socially and culturally diverse than they once had been. The majority of spectators nowhttps://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/ tended to be sport enthusiasts and military plane buffs. Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197406/curtiss-jn-4d-jenny/Continued on pg. 9JBMDLAir and Space Open HousePower In The Pines 2023 7'